![]() Serum testosterone levels do not accurately reflect the internal prostatic milieu. The development of prostate cancer is a complex biologic process potentially involving genetics,dietary, life style and hormonal factors. There is no consistent evidence that a single testosterone level is predictive of prostate cancer risk. A Medline and PubMed search was conducted using search terms: testosterone levels and prostate cancer to identify pertinent literature. This commentary aims to review the issues involved and to provide an interpretation as to the causes of the confusion and to provide a framework for ongoing discussion and investigation. There is no level-one quality evidence that confirms or refutes the relationship between either high or low serum testosterone levels and the subsequent development of prostate cancer. The literature surrounding this topic is confusing and at times contradictory. The controversy surrounding the relationship between testosterone and prostate cancer has existed for decades. ![]() The testosterone conundrum: The putative relationship between testosterone levels and prostate cancer. ![]()
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